Toward A Mechanistic Understanding of Re-Infiltration in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs with Surfactant-Aided Gravity Drainage Process

Surfactant-aided gravity drainage is an improved oil recovery technique for water-invaded zone in fractured carbonate reservoirs, which are mostly oil-wet or mixed-wet rocks. The re-infiltration mechanism in water-invaded zone has a considerable effect on oil vertical movement in gravity drainage processes. In this work, a mechanistic understanding of re-infiltration in surfactant-aided gravity drainage, in comparison to oil–water gravity drainage is presented using an experimentally and numerically validated model. A column model is constructed from three matrix blocks. These blocks are separated from each other by horizontal fractures. A storage tank is considered on top of the model to store depleted oil from matrix blocks. The stacked-blocks model for re-infiltration is validated and verified to simulate water and chemical flooding using a mesh independency study and experimental flooding data in a composite core experiment. Using this model, several analyses are performed to investigate effects of rock and fluid properties, rock saturation functions, wettability alteration, surfactant adsorption, and capillary continuity on re-infiltration.     

Eco-friendly Geopolymer Composite Based on Non-heat-treated Phosphate Sludge Reinforced With Polypropylene Fibers

Silicon - Geopolymers produced with metakaolin (MK) and thermally untreated phosphate sludge (PS) are beneficial and environmentally advantageous materials, but their fragility limits its...     

Preparation,Properties and Applications of the Hybrid Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposite Based on Nanoporous Carbon Matrix

Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials - Nanoporous carbon matrix was prepared by the sol–gel process from pyrogallol-formaldehyde (PF) mixtures in water using picric...     

Long‐term water uptake behavior of natural fiber/polypropylene composites

Composites of different natural fibers and polypropylene were prepared and their long‐term water absorption behaviors were studied. Wood flour, rice hulls, newsprint fibers, and kenaf fibers (at 25 and 50% by weight contents) were mixed with polypropylene and 1 and 2% compatibilizer, respectively. Water absorption tests were carried out on injection‐molded specimens at room temperature for 5 weeks. Measurements were made every week and water absorption was calculated. Water diffusion coefficients were also calculated by evaluating the water absorption isotherms. Results indicated a significant difference among different natural fibers, with kenaf fibers and newsprint fibers exhibiting the highest and wood flour and rice hulls the lowest water absorption values, respectively. The difference between 25 and 50% fiber contents for all composite formulations increased at longer immersion times. Water diffusion coefficients of the composites were found to be about 3 orders of magnitude higher than that of pure PP. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006     

Noncertainty equivalent adaptive control of robot manipulators without velocity measurements

This paper presents a noncertainty equivalent adaptive motion control scheme for robot manipulators in the absence of link velocity measurements. A new output feedback adaptation algorithm, based on the attractive manifold design approach, is developed. A proportional-integral adaptation is selected for the adaptive parameter estimator to strengthen the passivity of the system. In order to relieve velocity measurements, an observer is designed to estimate the velocities. The controller guarantees semiglobal asymptotic motion tracking and velocity estimation, as well as L_∞ and L₂ bounded parameter estimation error. The effectiveness of the proposed controller is verified by simulations for a two-link robot manipulator and a four-bar linkage. The results are further compared with the earlier certainty-equivalent adaptive partial and full state feedback controller to highlight potential closed-loop performance improvements.     

Precautious-RM: a predictable non-preemptive scheduling algorithm for harmonic tasks

A major requirement of many real-time embedded systems is to have time-predictable interaction with the environment. More specifically, they need fixed or small sampling and I/O delays, and they cannot cope with large delay jitters. Non-preemptive execution is a known method to reduce the latter delay; however, the corresponding scheduling problem is NP-Hard for periodic tasks. In this paper, we present Precautious-RM as a predictable linear-time online non-preemptive scheduling algorithm for harmonic tasks which can also deal with the former delay, namely sampling delay. We derive conditions of optimality of Precautious-RM and show that satisfying those conditions, tight bounds for best- and worst-case response times of the tasks can be calculated in polynomial-time. More importantly, response time jitter of the tasks is analyzed and it is proven that under specific conditions, each task has either one or two values for response time, which leads to improving the predictability of the system interaction with the environment. Simulation results demonstrate efficiency of Precautious-RM in increasing accuracy of control applications.     

Predicting roadheader performance by using artificial neural network

With growing use of roadheaders in the world and its significant role in the successful accomplishment of a tunneling project, it is a necessity to accurately predict performance of this machine in different ground conditions. On the other hand, the existence of some shortcomings in the prediction models has made it necessary to perform more research on the development of the new models. This paper makes an attempt to model the rate of roadheader performance based on the geotechnical and geological site conditions. For achieving the aim, an artificial neural network (ANN), a powerful tool for modeling and recognizing the sophisticated structures involved in data, is employed to model the relationship between the roadheader performance and the parameters influencing the tunneling operations with a high correlation. The database used in modeling is compiled from laboratory studies conducted at Azad University at Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran. A model with architecture 4-10-1 trained by back-propagation algorithm is found to be optimum. A multiple variable regression (MVR) analysis is also applied to compare performance of the neural network. The results demonstrate that predictive capability of the ANN model is better than that of the MVR model. It is concluded that roadheader performance could be accurately predicted as a function of unconfined compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength, rock quality designation, and alpha angle R ² = 0.987. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the most effective parameter on roadheader performance is the unconfined compressive strength.     

Secure logarithmic audio watermarking scheme based on the human auditory system

This paper proposes a high capacity audio watermarking algorithm in the logarithm domain based on the absolute threshold of hearing of the human auditory system (HAS), which makes this scheme a novel technique. When considering the fact that the human ear requires more precise samples at low amplitudes (soft sounds), the use of the logarithm helps us design a logarithmic quantization algorithm. The key idea is to divide the selected frequency band into short frames and quantize the samples based on the HAS. Using frames and the HAS improves the robustness, since embedding a secret bit into a set of samples is more reliable than embedding it into a single sample. In addition, the quantization level is adjusted according to the HAS. Apart from remarkable capacity, transparency and robustness, this scheme provides three parameters (frequency band, scale factor and frame size) which facilitate the regulation of the watermarking properties. The experimental results show that the method has a high capacity (800–7,000 bits per second), without significant perceptual distortion (ODG >1) and provides robustness against common audio signal processing such as added noise, filtering and MPEG compression (MP3).     

断面高宽比对轮胎性能的影响

在赛车运动开始后不久,工程人员就意识到提高汽车转弯速度的方法之一是使汽车与路面产生更大的摩擦力.在早期进行的获取汽车与路面之间更大摩擦力的众多尝试中,较有趣的一种是采用双后轮行驶.然而,最有代表性的解决办法是采用胎面更宽,即断面宽度更大的轮胎.     

Methodology to resolve the transport equation with the discrete ordinates code TORT into the IPEN/MB-01 reactor

Resolution of the steady-state Neutron Transport Equation in a nuclear pool reactor is usually achieved by means of two different numerical methods: Monte Carlo (stochastic) and Discrete Ordinates (deterministic). The Discrete Ordinates method solves the Neutron Transport Equation for a set of selected directions, obtaining a set of directional equations and solutions for each equation which are the angular flux. In order to deal with the energy dependence, an energy multi-group approximation is commonly performed, obtaining a set of equations depending on the number of energy groups. In addition, spatial discretization is also required and the problem is solved by sweeping the geometry mesh. However, special cross-sections are required due to the energy and directional discretization, thus a methodology based on NJOY99 code capabilities has been used. Finally, in order to demonstrate the capability of this method, the 3D discrete ordinates code TORT has been applied to resolve the IPEN/MB-01 reactor.